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        您的位置：首頁 > 留學(xué)攻略 > 留學(xué)美國 本科/研究生獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金知多少
        

        



        
	
        
    	
        
            
        
        	
        留學(xué)美國 本科/研究生獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金知多少
        
    
        2013年02月21日來源：美國留學(xué)網(wǎng)作者： 萬佳留學(xué)
        
    
        
        
      	
        
        	  >>我感興趣，馬上在線咨詢
        很多同學(xué)都來詢問：申請(qǐng)美國大學(xué)本科生獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金有多大難度？我的條件可以申到TOP50學(xué)校的全獎(jiǎng)嗎？申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金簽證需提供資金證明嗎？我該如何準(zhǔn)備才能申請(qǐng)到獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金呢？以我的條件，申請(qǐng)會(huì)計(jì)碩士獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金有可能不？一般申請(qǐng)美國化碩士拿獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的概率多少？希望這個(gè)專題可以讓你初步了解一下美國獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的基本知識(shí)。
        推薦閱讀：[申請(qǐng)美國全額獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金需要做到的五點(diǎn)充分準(zhǔn)備]
        名詞解釋
        從嚴(yán)格意義上講，所謂美國大學(xué)“獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金”應(yīng)稱為“經(jīng)濟(jì)資助（financial aid）”，這些獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金有些是基金會(huì)、企業(yè)、公司、工廠或私人捐助給學(xué)院的，金額從五百美元到十幾萬美元不等，大部分限制只提供給美國公民，供給國際學(xué)生的很少。
        Financial Aid:
        Money provided to the student and the family to help them pay for the student's education. Major forms of financial aid include gift aid (grants and scholarships) and self-help aid (loans and work). 
        Fellowship：
        MA form of aid given to graduate students to help support their education. Some fellowships include a tuition waiver or a payment to the university in lieu of tuition. Most fellowships include a stipend to cover reasonable living expenses (e.g., just above the poverty line). Fellowships are a form of gift aid and do not have to be repaid. 
        Scholarship
        A form of financial aid given to undergraduate students to help pay for their education. Most scholarships are restricted to paying all or part of tuition expenses, though some scholarships also cover room and board. Scholarships are a form of gift aid and do not have to be repaid. Many scholarships are restricted to students in specific courses of study or with academic, athletic or artistic talent.
        Grant:
        A type of financial aid based on financial need that the student does not have to repay. 
        Graduate Assistantship:
        There are two types of graduate assistantships: teaching assistantships (TA) and research assistantships (RA). TAs and RAs receive a full or partial tuition waiver and a small living stipend. TAs are required to perform teaching duties. RAs are required to perform research duties, not necessarily related to the student's thesis research.
        Renewable Scholarships:
        A scholarship that is awarded for more than one year. Usually the student must maintain certain academic standards to be eligible for subsequent years of the award. Some renewable scholarships will require the student to reapply for the scholarship each year; others will just require a report on the student's progress to a degree.
         
        本科獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的申請(qǐng)
        Need-Based
        Financial aid that is need-based depends on your financial situation. Most government sources of financial aid are need-based.

        這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)資助是依據(jù)學(xué)生家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況給的，主要考慮的點(diǎn)是父母收入、家庭資產(chǎn)、家庭大小和其他因素。Need-based獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金對(duì)于本國的申請(qǐng)者來說是非常豐厚的，許多大學(xué)80%以上的一年級(jí)學(xué)生都能以不同的方式獲得Need-based獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。但是對(duì)于國際學(xué)生來說，只有少部分大學(xué)是有提供的，絕大部分的大學(xué)僅有少量甚至沒有Need-based獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金供國際學(xué)生申請(qǐng)。 
        所以申請(qǐng)這種類型的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，在向?qū)W校提請(qǐng)要求和出示自己的資金情況時(shí)，就必須非常有技巧。如果你申請(qǐng)的太多，超過學(xué)校的承受能力，你就極有可能被拒絕。 
        Merit-based
        Financial aid that is merit-based depends on your academic, artistic or athletic merit or some other criteria, and does not depend on the existence of financial need. Merit-based awards use your grades, test scores, hobbies and special talents to determine your eligibility for scholarships.

        Merit-based獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金是以申請(qǐng)人本身的學(xué)術(shù)，思想品質(zhì)，發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ葘?shí)力因素來決定最后獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的多少。不管你經(jīng)濟(jì)上是否需要幫助，只要是學(xué)校認(rèn)可你的學(xué)術(shù)背景，一樣還是會(huì)給予獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的。大多數(shù)的Merit-based獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金并沒有局限于美國本土的學(xué)生申請(qǐng)，而是針對(duì)大部分申請(qǐng)者，所以你要是覺得自己有著過人的背景，不妨嘗試申請(qǐng)。
        Need-Blind
        Under need-blind admissions, the school decides whether to make an offer of admission to a student without considering the student's financial situation. Most schools use a need-blind admissions process. A few schools will use financial need to decide whether to include marginal students in the wait list.

        Need-Blind不是獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，而是美國大學(xué)的錄取政策。對(duì)于很多資金實(shí)力雄厚的私立大學(xué)，他們?cè)阡浫W(xué)生的時(shí)候，不考慮學(xué)生是否需要學(xué)校提供資助，也就是說你申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金與否對(duì)你的申請(qǐng)沒有任何影響。一旦他們認(rèn)為你符合錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，他們會(huì)根據(jù)學(xué)生的家庭情況做出判斷：該學(xué)生家庭能夠承擔(dān)多少費(fèi)用，其余全部由學(xué)校設(shè)法提供。美國的很多私立名牌學(xué)校都執(zhí)行需求無關(guān)的政策，例如哈佛大學(xué)、普林斯頓大學(xué)、耶魯大學(xué)等。 
         
        研究生獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的申請(qǐng)
        Fellowship：
        Fellowship是一種對(duì)在進(jìn)行研究工作的人員給予的較高額獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，是給研究生的經(jīng)濟(jì)資助中競(jìng)爭(zhēng)最為激烈的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。如果獲得了Fellowship，即除了免學(xué)雜費(fèi)、住宿費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)、書本費(fèi)以外，還給獲獎(jiǎng)學(xué)生一定金額作為其個(gè)人消費(fèi)費(fèi)用。同時(shí)不必服務(wù)，也不用納稅，這種獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金是完全意義上的“全獎(jiǎng)”。 
        Graduate Assistantship
        Teaching Assistantship (TA):A form of financial aid awarded to graduate students to help support their education. Teaching assistantships usually provide the graduate student with a waiver of all or part of tuition, plus a small stipend for living expenses. As the name implies, a TA is required to perform teaching-related duties.
        Research Assistantship (RA): A form of financial aid awarded to graduate students to help support their education. Research assistantships usually provide the graduate student with a waiver of all or part of tuition, plus a small stipend for living expenses. As the name implies, an RA is required to perform research duties. Sometimes these duties are strongly tied to the student's eventual thesis topic. 
        這種屬于服務(wù)性獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，獲得此類資助者每周擔(dān)任12-20小時(shí)的輔助教學(xué)或研究工作。這種經(jīng)濟(jì)資助只提供給碩士或者博士申請(qǐng)者。絕大多數(shù)的美國高校研究生院都設(shè)置這種資助，然而并非所有的此類資助都能覆蓋一年中的全部費(fèi)用，但多數(shù)都在全部金額的2/3以上。不過很多學(xué)校提供這種獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的同時(shí)，還會(huì)給學(xué)生免學(xué)雜費(fèi)，也就相當(dāng)于申請(qǐng)到“全獎(jiǎng)”。在這里有一點(diǎn)要說明：TA/RA所得是要納稅的。
        Tuition Waiver
        實(shí)際上Tuition Waiver并不屬于獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的范疇，而是屬于經(jīng)濟(jì)資助，這是中國學(xué)生，尤其是非理工類申請(qǐng)人拿的最多的一類資助類型。它也是非服務(wù)性資助中發(fā)放最多的，最容易申請(qǐng)的一種。這里順便說一句：如果你可以獲得學(xué)費(fèi)全部減免就是大學(xué)通常所說的“半獎(jiǎng)”，如果再拿到RA/TA就屬于“全獎(jiǎng)”了。 
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