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        托福(toefl)綜合寫作考試高分必備秘籍

        2013年02月21日來源:美國留學網(wǎng)作者: 萬佳留學
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         初次接觸托福考試的學生總是非常擔心寫作的綜合寫作部分,也就是小作文。常提出這樣的疑問:“怎么考得這么變態(tài)???讀了又聽再寫!”其實大家完全不必為此如此焦慮,等看完下面的文章,讀完下面的四大必殺技,相信你一定會豁然開朗!

          首先,summarize,也就是概括閱讀和聽力文章的主要內(nèi)容和各三個分論點。這其實就是Introduction要寫的內(nèi)容,掌握了概括,第一段就不成問題咯!

          其次,Paraphrase,也就是改寫。掌握好了改寫句子,你寫起文章來將會感覺到如魚得水,游刃有余。 改寫其實主要有下面的兩種方法:

          第一,使用不同的詞匯

          a.使用同義詞,比如以下的一些寫作高頻詞匯的同義詞,你一定要掌握,出現(xiàn)的尤為頻繁。
          important→essential, crucial, vital, significant,
          think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure out
          nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years,these days

          b.改變詞性,這是一種稍微難一些的方法,要求你的語法基礎非常好,你才能靈活自如的運用。
          n. → v.
          Eg:When we look at a comparison between Aand B…
          When we compare A and B…
          Adj. → n.
          There are a variety of solutions to the problem.
          There are various solutions to the problem.

          c.使用不同的承接詞。承接詞在文章當中的使用相當頻繁,不僅是段落和段落的連接,還包括句子和句子的連接。背住一些常用的承接詞比你的改寫將會有極大的作用。
          because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for
          but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas
          so→ therefore, hence, thus, consequently

          d.形容詞的逆向表達。在某些形容詞上進行修改,會達到非比尋常的效果。
          Eg: not as easyas…→more difficult than…
          Not uncommon→common
          Thecheapest → the least expensive

          第二,使用不同的句型

          a. 改變詞序。這是非常簡單的一種方法,完全不用動腦筋就可以進行改寫。常常將句子中的狀語(包括狀語從句)換位置。
          Eg: For manyyears, people have believed ….
          →People believed… for many years.
          After this programs has been solved, work on … can continue.

          b. 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的互相替換Eg: Trained scientists performed this research.
          →This research was performed by trained scientists.

          c. 使用“there be” 句型,可以將一個簡單句,馬上變成一個加入定語從句或者分詞的復雜句。Eg: Severalcomputer programs can be used to solve this problem.
          →There areseveral computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.或There areseveral computer programs used to solve this problem.

          d.定語從句,分詞和插入語的互相替換
          Eg: Study…, conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…
          →Study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…
          Eg: This…, which is one of the most powerful … in theworld, has…
          →This…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has…

          Cite即引用。綜合寫作乃客觀寫作,只是一個旁觀者的角度對這兩篇文章的內(nèi)容進行描述,因此,某觀點是出自哪篇文章一定要說清楚。所以,下面的這些句型在綜合寫作中必不可缺。

          a.According to+noun.
          Eg: According to thepassage/lecture/author/professor,…

          b.Subject+verbs of reporting+that clause
          Eg: The authortells/reports/suggests/explains/says/argues/states/indicates/claims/pointsout/thinks/believes that…
          或The speakeragrees/disagrees/rejects/disputes/challenges/takes a different view….

          c.As is indicated/displayed/illustrated in thepassage/lecture,...

          Synthesize即連接。具體來講,就是承接詞的使用是相當重要的,將文章當中的重要信息連接起來,體現(xiàn)作者對于兩篇文章的理解正確,說明作者的思路清楚。由于綜合寫作是對兩篇文章的比較,所以下面表對比和遞進的承接詞使用的最頻繁。

          a.Transitional words showing contrast: however, on the other hand,in contrast, on the contrary

          b.Transitional words showingaddition: moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides, as well

          現(xiàn)在,是不是感覺清晰很多了呢?也沒有那么懼怕綜合寫作了呢?相信只要你掌握了上述四大技巧,綜合寫作對你來說將不再是個難以跨越的關口。

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